[caption id="attachment_3379" align="alignleft" width="400"]<a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-intro.jpg"><img class="wp-image-3379 size-full" title="me" src="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-intro.jpg" alt="what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-intro" width="400" height="275" /></a> A kneaded eraser has many uses, especially for realistic art like portrait drawing.[/caption]

If you have ever known anyone who draws pencil portraits or other types of pencil art, maybe you have heard them mention using a kneaded eraser. If you are a regular reader of tutorials <a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/">here on this site</a>, then you have undoubtedly seen the kneaded eraser mentioned on more than one occasion.

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But just exactly what is a kneaded eraser?

This article will explain everything you may have ever wondered about a kneaded eraser, from what it is to how to use it and clean it. We'll even talk about different brands of kneaded erasers and how to make a kneaded eraser at home.
<h2>What Is a Kneaded Eraser?</h2>
<a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser.jpg"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3380" src="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser.jpg" alt="what-is-a-kneaded-eraser" width="400" height="295" /></a>Merriam-Webster states the <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kneaded%20eraser" target="_blank">kneaded eraser definition</a> as “a soft pliable eraser of unvulcanized rubber used especially to remove graphite or charcoal marks from drawing paper”.

So what's so special about that? There are many other types of erasers that can "remove...marks from drawing paper". Well, the kneaded eraser has some specific purposes and abilities that are very useful, valuable, and frankly difficult for most other erasers to measure up to.

A kneaded eraser is especially good at removing some of the graphite (for example) and purposefully leaving traces of the graphite on the paper for artistic effects, such as with reflected light or a midtone area that needs to be a slightly lighter value.

Kneaded erasers are fantastic for pulling brighter highlights out of tight areas. A kneaded eraser is often used to ensure that the whitest whites are reserved for areas such as the highlights of the eyes and portions of the whites of the eyes and teeth.

The kneaded eraser is used in a similar fashion to pull highlights out of hair. Additionally, some artists use the kneaded eraser to carefully rub out loose strands of hair that overlap the general mass of hair on the head.

Some artists even use a kneaded eraser as one might use clay to make a model of an object to sketch!
<h2>How to Use a Kneaded Eraser</h2>
If you'd like to know how to use a kneaded eraser to achieve some of the artistic effects mentioned above, it often comes down to molding the eraser into a particular shape. Some tasks call for a rounded corner similar to a typical eraser. Some tasks call for a thin wedge. Other tasks require that the kneaded eraser be twisted into a point.

You can mold the eraser into these different shapes back and forth as you go along. Alternatively, you can mold it into a shape like the one below before you begin your project.
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-useful-shapes.jpg"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-3381" src="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-useful-shapes.jpg" alt="what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-useful-shapes" width="600" height="450" /></a></p>
I find that my kneaded eraser naturally begins to develop into a shape similar to this over time.

Read on for a few examples that can be applied to portrait drawing.
<h3>Lightening Up a Midtone Area with a Rounded Corner</h3>
Let's say you have applied some graphite to a skin tone and smoothed it out with a tortillion. Now, you realize that you want to make that area appear a little bit lighter in value.

Simply use a rounded corner or edge of your kneaded eraser to carefully pick at the area that you want to lighten. Don't rub vigorously as you might do with a traditional eraser. Rather, almost think of it as you would "blot" a stain out of a carpet.
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-midtone.jpg"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-3382 size-full" src="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-midtone.jpg" alt="what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-midtone" width="800" height="232" /></a></p>

<h3 style="text-align: left;">Making Reflected Light with a Kneaded Eraser's Thin Wedge</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">Reflected light is light that is reflected off of a nearby surface. It is usually evident along an edge where an object is curving away from the foreground. Reflected light plays a significant role in creating the illusion of three-dimensional realism.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">To make reflected light with your kneaded eraser, first shape your eraser into a thin wedge like this.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-thin-wedge.jpg"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-3383" src="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-thin-wedge.jpg" alt="what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-thin-wedge" width="600" height="419" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Then carefully and lightly tap or rub with short upstrokes your kneaded eraser along the edge of the object. In this example, I used a kneaded eraser to create reflected light along the edge of the ear. This helps to bring out a natural contrast of values and to realistically separate the forms.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">*pic ear*</p>

<h3 style="text-align: left;">Using a Pointy Kneaded Eraser for an Eye Highlight</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">To pick out a tiny area of highlight, such as the highlight of an eye, twist your kneaded eraser into a point.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-pointy-tip.jpg"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-3384" src="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-pointy-tip.jpg" alt="what-is-a-kneaded-eraser-how-to-use-a-kneaded-eraser-pointy-tip" width="600" height="450" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Then tap the area to make it white. Often times, you will intentionally leave this area white to begin with and shade around it. When you blend the graphite around it, some of the graphite will go into the area you leave white. The kneaded eraser helps to remove this blended graphite and also make for a natural transition.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Most eye highlights traditionally look round inside of the iris. You can see how a pointy kneaded eraser could have pulled out this highlight.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">***pic dreamstime*</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">At other times, a reference photograph may dictate <a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/how-to-draw-an-eye-realistically-part-4-of-4/">a different shape for an eye highlight</a>. In the example below, you'll notice a square highlight in the eye. Within this square highlight, there are shadows cast by the eyelashes. There is also a round point of bright white that is barely noticeable within the square...a sort of "highlight within a highlight" if you will. This bright point was pulled out with the tip of a kneaded eraser.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">***eye pic*</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The arrows in this picture show a few other areas around the eye that the edge of a kneaded eraser helped to create. Most notable are the sharp edge of the iris against the white of the eye, the lower eyelid rim, and the wrinkles in the skin surrounding the eye.</p>

<h3 style="text-align: left;">How to Use a Kneaded Eraser for Drawing Hair</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">Realistic hair is drawn in layers. It is a process that involves laying down tones, blending the tones together, pulling out highlights, and repeating. The kneaded eraser does the job of pulling out the highlights. I mostly use a kneaded eraser shaped into a thin wedge <a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/why-its-okay-to-make-a-drawing-of-a-girl-crying/">to accomplish this</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">*pic hair*</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">In the above example, I used a kneaded eraser to make the part in the hair, the highlights in the various sections of hair, and to accent a few stray hairs.</p>

<h2>How to Clean a Kneaded Eraser</h2>
As you use your kneaded eraser, you will find that it accumulates all of the graphite or charcoal you apply to it. That might leave you wondering how to clean a kneaded eraser.

Well, there's no set way to truly get it clean. However, you can give a kneaded eraser the appearance of being clean by making new, clean spots on it and using it again and again.

This is achieved by doing exactly what the name implies...kneading the eraser. To do this, simply pull on the eraser so it stretches and fold it over upon itself to find a clean spot.
<p style="text-align: center;">*pic two side by side stretched out and folded over*</p>

<h2>Brands of Kneaded Erasers</h2>
There are different brands of kneaded erasers from which you can choose. Some artists have preferences for certain brands because they notice advantages and disadvantages between the brands.

Which brand is the best kneaded eraser?

Some like the Sanford Design kneaded eraser because they think it can best hold its shape if molded into an edge or a point. I have heard of other artists stating a preference for the Faber-Castell kneaded eraser, claiming that it does a better job of pulling the medium off of the drawing paper.
<p style="text-align: center;">*pic sanford and faber castell*</p>
In my personal opinion, I don't notice a significant enough difference between brands to justify one being better than the other. I am currently using a <a href="http://www.letsdrawpeople.com/more/kneaded-eraser/">Prismacolor kneaded eraser</a>. I am very satisfied with its ability to hold its shape as well as its ability to pull graphite.
<p style="text-align: center;">*pic prismacolor*</p>
Ultimately, the best kneaded eraser comes down to your personal preference; that is, if there is even a best kneaded eraser at all.
<h2>Making Kneaded Erasers</h2>
If you have ever wondered what kneaded erasers are made of, they can be broken down into a few key components. One ingredient include factice, which is a soft rubbery substance that is derived from vegetable oil. Other kneaded eraser ingredients include natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, and coloring agents.

A kneaded eraser is a very inexpensive art tool. However, if you are very frugal and do not want to buy one, and if you have lots of time on your hands, you can make your own.

Here is how to make a kneaded eraser...

First of all, you will need a regular eraser and a pad of sticky notes. Take one sticky note and flip it over so the sticky glue side is facing up.

Rub the eraser on the sticky part of the sticky note. Rub firmly enough that eraser shavings are coming off of the eraser and the glue is coming off of the sticky note, yet rub gently enough so that you do not tear the sticky note.

Gather the eraser shavings together. Repeat this process with all of the sticky notes. Clump the pile of eraser shavings together, and now you have a homemade kneaded eraser!
<h2>The Best Eraser for Drawing</h2>
There are many erasers available to a pencil artist with a variety of purposes. Now that you know the answer to the question "What is a kneaded eraser?", you may be wondering how it measures up to the multitude of other art erasers.

Speaking in a very general sense, it's my opinion that the best eraser for drawing pencil art is hands-down the kneaded eraser. It does wonders for creating realistic effects. It is very adaptable and user-friendly, allowing you to remove just the right amount of graphite for your needs. Speaking from my own personal experience, I get at least twice the use out of my kneaded eraser than I do out of all of my other erasers combined!

If you have never used a kneaded eraser before, I suggest picking one up and experimenting to see what it can do. Once you get accustomed to using a kneaded eraser, it will be difficult to imaging going without one!